Illustration: Lithium batteries power tiny wearables, portable electronics, vehicles, buildings, and grids.
Consumer electronics
Phones and laptops prize thin packaging, high energy density, and predictable charging behavior.
Electric transport
EV packs combine thousands of cells or large-format cells with structural enclosures, cooling, BMS controls, and crash protection.
Stationary storage
Grid systems value lifetime, safety, cost, and software control more than maximum energy per kilogram.
Specialty uses
Aerospace, medical, robotics, and tools tune battery design around reliability, discharge power, certification, and environmental constraints.